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Reason 2: Mechanistic symmetry between the two pathways
Lipoic acid is a free radical scavenger made by the body in small quantities, though levels decline significantly with age (Park, Karuna 2014
Whilst oral bioavailability is relatively poor (less than 5% reaches systemic circulation due to extensive first-pass metabolism), sufficient absorption occurs to produce measurable pharmacological effects in research settings
While incredibly effective, this slowed digestion can also reduce stomach acid and alter how your body absorbs vital nutrients
Dec 2007;62(6):579-85
It has been reported that IGFBP-3 binds to a nuclear receptor, 9-cis retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RXR-), which interacts with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-), a nuclear protein involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism [175, 176]
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